1、 PHP片段四种表示形式。 标准tags:<?php ?> short tags:<? ?> 需要在php.ini中设置short _open_tag=on,默认是on asp tags: <% %>需要在php.ini中设置asp_tags=on,默认是off script tags:<script language=”php”></script> 2、 PHP变量及数据类型 1)$variable ,变量以字母、_开始,不能有空格 2)赋值$variable=value; 3)弱类型,直接赋值,不需要显示声明数据类型 4)基本数据类型:Integer,Double,String,Boolean,Object(对象或类),Array(数组) 5)特殊数据类型:Resourse(对第三方资源(如数据库)的引用),Null(空,未初始化的变量) 3、 操作符 1)赋值操作符:= 2)算术操作符:+,-,*,/,%(取模) 3)连接操作符:. ,无论操作数是什么,都当成String,结果返回String 4)Combined Assignment Operators合计赋值操作符:+=,*=,/=,-=,%=,.= 5)Automatically Incrementing and Decrementing自动增减操作符: (1)$variable+=1 <=>$variable++;$variable-=1 <=>$variable-,跟c语言一样,先做其他操作,后++或- (2)++$variable,-$variable,先++或-,再做其他操作 6)比较操作符:= =(左边等于右边),!=(左边不等于右边),= = =(左边等于右边,且数据类型相同),>=,>,<,<= 7)逻辑操作符:|| ó or,&&óand,xor(当左右两边有且只有一个是true,返回true),! 4、 注释: 单行注释:// ,# 多行注释:/* */ 5、 每个语句以;号结尾,与java相同 6、 定义常量:define(“CONSTANS_NAME”,value) 7、 打印语句:print,与c语言相同 8、 流程控制语句 1)if语句: (1)if(expression) { //code to excute if expression evaluates to true } (2)if(expression) { } else { } (3)if(expression1) { } elseif(expression2) { } else { } 2)swich语句 switch ( expression ) { case result1: // execute this if expression results in result1 break; case result2: // execute this if expression results in result2 break; default: // execute this if no break statement // has been encountered hitherto } 3)?操作符: ( expression )?returned_if_expression_is_true:returned_if_expression_is_false; 4)while语句: (1) while ( expression ) { // do something } (2)do { // code to be executed } while ( expression ); 5)for语句: for ( initialization expression; test expression; modification expression ) { // code to be executed } 6)break;continue 9、 编写函数 1)定义函数: function function_name($argument1,$argument2,……) //形参 { //function code here; } 2)函数调用 function_name($argument1,$argument2,……); //形参 3)动态函数调用(Dynamic Function Calls): 1: <html> 2: <head> 3: <title>Listing 6.5</title> 4: </head> 5: <body> 6: <?php 7: function sayHello() { //定义函数sayHello 8: print "hello<br>"; 9: } 10: $function_holder = "sayHello"; //将函数名赋值给变量$function_holder 11: $function_holder(); //变量$function_holder成为函数sayHello的引用,调用$function_holder()相当于调用sayHello 12: ?> 13: </body> 14: </html> 4)变量作用域: 全局变量: 1: <html> 2: <head> 3: <title>Listing 6.8</title> 4: </head> 5: <body> 6: <?php 7: $life=42; 8: function meaningOfLife() { 9: global $life; /*在此处重新声明$life为全局变量,在函数内部访问全局变量必须这样,如果在函数内改变变量的值,将在所有代码片段改变*/ 10: print "The meaning of life is $life<br>"; 11: } 12: meaningOfLife(); 13: ?> 14: </body> 15: </html> 5)使用static 1: <html> 2: <head> 3: <title>Listing 6.10</title> 4: </head> 5: <body> 6: <?php 7: function numberedHeading( $txt ) { 8: static $num_of_calls = 0; 9: $num_of_calls++; 10: print "<h1>$num_of_calls. $txt</h1>"; 11: } 12: numberedHeading("Widgets"); //第一次调用时,打印$num_of_calls值为1 13: print("We build a fine range of widgets<p>"); 14: numberedHeading("Doodads"); /*第一次调用时,打印$num_of_calls值为2,因为变量是static型的,static型是常驻内存的*/ 15: print("Finest in the world<p>"); 16: ?> 17: </body> 18: </html> 6) 传值(value)和传址(reference): 传值:function function_name($argument) 1: <html> 2: <head> 3: <title>Listing 6.13</title> 4: </head> 5: <body> 6: <?php 7: function addFive( $num ) { 8: $num += 5; 9: } 10: $orignum = 10; 11: addFive( &$orignum ); 12: print( $orignum ); 13: ?> 14: </body> 15: </html> 结果:10 传址:funciton function_name(&$argument) 1: <html> 2: <head> 3: <title>Listing 6.14</title> 4: </head> 5: <body> 6: <?php 7: function addFive( &$num ) { 8: $num += 5; /*传递过来的是变量$num的引用,因此改变形参$num的值就是真正改变变量$orignum物理内存中保存的值*/ 9: } 10: $orignum = 10; 11: addFive( $orignum ); 12: print( $orignum ); 13: ?> 14: </body> 15: </html> 结果:15 7)创建匿名函数:create_function(‘string1’,’string2’); create_function是PHP内建函数,专门用于创建匿名函数,接受两个string型参数,第一个是参数列表,第二个是函数的主体 1: <html> 2: <head> 3: <title>Listing 6.15</title> 4: </head> 5: <body> 6: <?php 7: $my_anon = create_function( '$a, $b', 'return $a+$b;' ); 8: print $my_anon( 3, 9 ); 9: // prints 12 10: ?> 11: </body> 12: </html> 8)判断函数是否存在:function_exists(function_name),参数为函数名 10、用PHP连接MySQL 1)连接:&conn=mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass"); 2)关闭连接:mysql_close($conn); 3) 数据库与连接建立联系:mysql_select_db(database name, connection index); 4) 将SQL语句给MySQL执行:$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn); //增删改查都是这句 5) 检索数据:返回记录数:$number_of_rows = mysql_num_rows($result); 将记录放入数组:$newArray = mysql_fetch_array($result); 例子: 1: <?php 2: // open the connection 3: $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass"); 4: // pick the database to use 5: mysql_select_db("testDB",$conn); 6: // create the SQL statement 7: $sql = "SELECT * FROM testTable"; 8: // execute the SQL statement 9: $result = mysql_query($sql, $conn) or die(mysql_error()); 10: //go through each row in the result set and display data 11: while ($newArray = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { 12: // give a name to the fields 13: $id = $newArray['id']; 14: $testField = $newArray['testField']; 15: //echo the results onscreen 16: echo "The ID is $id and the text is $testField <br>"; 17: } 18: ?> 11、接受表单元素:$_POST[表单元素名], 如<input type=text name=user>ó$_POST[user] 接受url中queryString中值(GET方式):$_GET[queryString] 12、转向其他页面:header("Location: http://www.21kn.com"); 13、字符串操作: 1)explode(“-”,str)óJava中的splite 2)str_replace($str1,$str2,$str3) =>$str1要查找的字符串,$str2用来替换的字符串,$str3从这个字符串开始查找替换 3)substr_replace: 14、session: 1)打开session:session_start(); //也可以在php.ini设置session_auto_start=1,不必再每个script都写这句,但是默认为0,则必须要写。 2)给session赋值:$_SESSION[session_variable_name]=$variable; 3)访问session:$variable =$_SESSION[session_variable_name]; 4)销毁session:session_destroy(); 15、显示分类的完整例子: 1: <?php 2: //connect to database 3: $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass") 4: or die(mysql_error()); 5: mysql_select_db("testDB",$conn) or die(mysql_error()); 6: 7: $display_block = "<h1>My Categories</h1> 8: <P>Select a category to see its items.</p>"; 9: 10: //show categories first 11: $get_cats = "select id, cat_title, cat_desc from 12: store_categories order by cat_title"; 13: $get_cats_res = mysql_query($get_cats) or die(mysql_error()); 14: 15: if (mysql_num_rows($get_cats_res) < 1) { //如果返回记录行数小于1,则说明没有分类 16: $display_block = "<P><em>Sorry, no categories to browse.</em></p>"; 17: } else { 18: 19: while ($cats = mysql_fetch_array($get_cats_res)) { //将记录放入变量$cats中 20:$cat_id = $cats[id]; 21:$cat_title = strtoupper(stripslashes($cats[cat_title])); 22:$cat_desc = stripslashes($cats[cat_desc]); 23: 24: $display_block .= "<p><strong><a 25: href=\"$_SERVER[PHP_SELF][U1] ?cat_id=$cat_id\">$cat_title</a></strong>//点击此url,刷新本页,第28行读取cat_id,显示相应分类的条目 26: <br>$cat_desc</p>"; 27: 28:if ($_GET[cat_id] == $cat_id) { //选择一个分类,看下面的条目 29: //get items 30: $get_items = "select id, item_title, item_price 31: from store_items where cat_id = $cat_id 32: order by item_title"; 33: $get_items_res = mysql_query($get_items) or die(mysql_error()); 34: 35: if (mysql_num_rows($get_items_res) < 1) { 36: $display_block = "<P><em>Sorry, no items in 37: this category.</em></p>"; 38: } else { 39: 40: $display_block .= "<ul>"; 41: 42: while ($items = mysql_fetch_array($get_items_res)) { 43: $item_id = $items[id]; 44: $item_title = stripslashes($items[item_title]); 45: $item_price = $items[item_price]; 46: 47: $display_block .= "<li><a 48: href=\"showitem.php?item_id=$item_id\">$item_title</a> 49: </strong> (\$$item_price)"; [U2] 50: } 51: 52: $display_block .= "</ul>"; 53: } 54: } 55: } 56: } 57: ?> 58: <HTML> 59: <HEAD> 60: <TITLE>My Categories</TITLE> 61: </HEAD> 62: <BODY> 63: <? print $display_block; ?> 64: </BODY> 65: </HTML> 16、PHP连接Access: <? $dbc=new com("adodb.connection"); $dbc->open("driver=microsoft access driver (*.mdb);dbq=c:\member.mdb"); $rs=$dbc->execute("select * from tablename"); $i=0; while (!$rs->eof){ $i+=1 $fld0=$rs->fields["UserName"]; $fld0=$rs->fields["Password"]; .... echo "$fld0->value $fld1->value ...."; $rs->movenext(); } $rs->close(); ?> |